U.S. passenger electric vehicle sales and model availability through 2024

The electric vehicle (EV) market reached 1.56 million EV sales and a 10% sales share of all light-duty vehicles in 2024. By 2024, a third of automakers offered at least nine EV models, but most growth in model availability occurred in 2021 and 2022. Few new models were introduced in 2023 and 2024, and most were priced above $55,000. The EV market, which consists of battery electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, increased from 2% of new light-duty vehicle sales in 2020 to 10% in 2024.

Figure 1. Sales of battery electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in the United States, 2020–2024

Sales by automaker

In 2024, non-Tesla EV sales grew by 20% compared with 2023, reaching about 960,000 and continuing a trend of automakers other than Tesla collectively gaining a larger share of the new EV market. However, as the top EV seller, Tesla’s 5% decrease in sales in 2024 slowed the growth rate of the overall EV market. The resulting market share of EVs increased by about 0.4% compared with 2023. Among legacy automakers, only Volkswagen and Stellantis posted net decreases in new EV sales in 2024, while BMW and Mercedes-Benz both saw virtually no change in their 2024 EV sales compared with 2023. All legacy automakers except Volkswagen and Stellantis had their best year for EV sales in 2024 and collectively grew their EV sales by 20%.

Figure 2. U.S. sales of electric vehicles by automaker, excluding Tesla, 2011–2024

Model availability

Model availability grew from under 20 in 2012 to nearly 130 in 2024, which mirrors the growth in annual EV sales.

In 2020, automakers offered nine or fewer EV models. By 2024, a third of automakers offered at least nine models, and two thirds offered three or more models. However, most of this growth happened in 2021 and 2022, with most automakers offering only one additional model or fewer in 2023 and 2024. Less than one quarter of all 2024 models and subconfigurations were EVs. For cars, EVs made up about 18% of all models. Electric pickup models accounted for 20% of all pickups, and about a quarter of all SUV models were EVs.

Around 3% of EV models available in 2024 were offered below $35,000 (before purchase incentives), 34% of EV models were offered at prices between $35,000 and $55,000, and 64% of models were offered above $55,000. In contrast, among combustion vehicles, 16% of models were priced $35,000 or less, 48% were between $35,000 and $55,000, and 36% of models were more than $55,000.

Figure 3. Annual electric vehicle sales and number of available electric vehicle models in the United States, 2012–2024

Future product plans

Many automakers have announced plans to expand their EV offerings, with at least 25 non-luxury EV models slated for arrival in 2025–2028. At least 25 more luxury offerings are also planned.

Seven automakers selling in the United States have EV sales targets of at least 50% by 2030. Four automakers that collectively represented over 30% of the U.S. market in 2024 have committed to 100% EV sales by 2035. Several other automakers have committed to lesser levels of EV sales shares in 2030 and 2035. From 2020 to 2024, EV sales averaged 47% growth annually. The average annual rate of EV growth needed to meet the commitments are 26% for 2024–2030 and 19% for 2024–2035.

Table 1. Upcoming non-luxury electric models of passenger vehicles

Regulatory text

California’s zero-emission vehicle regulation—which has been adopted by 16 states and the District of Columbia—covers more than 40% of the new light-duty vehicle market. This regulation requires increasing sales of zero-emission vehicles to meet progressively more stringent sales targets. Thus, California’s regulation provides a clear market signal to support automaker investments in developing new light-duty vehicle models. Additionally, the new-vehicle regulations promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency will encourage automakers to produce and sell more EVs as a way to reduce overall new-vehicle average carbon dioxide emissions. The increased stringency of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulation helps automakers to be confident that their current and future EV production plans will be worth the investment.