Within reach: The 2025 CO2 targets for new passenger cars in the European Union
Visualization
2025 Manufacturer CO2 targets versus 2023 fleet performance
Figure. 2025 Manufacturer CO2 targets versus 2023 fleet performance
Note: The 2025 targets are adjusted for expected changes in plug-in hybrid CO2 emissions. Data (sorted alphabetically) is shown for the 10 largest, leaving aside Tesla, a manufacturer that solely sells BEVs.
The study analyzes the 10 largest manufacturers and concludes that all these manufacturers except Volvo must lower their CO2 emissions to meet the 2025 targets. This requires a maximum increase in battery electric vehicle sales, with manufacturers needing to raise their BEV share at most by an average of 12 percentage points, from 16% in 2023 to about 28% by 2025.